I Use Linux; Get It Right

WOW! I didn't expect this to be such a popular post. Honestly, I recognise this as a rant both now and before posting. I'm impressed by the number of people that were able to take a rant and make something nice out of it.

== Begin Opening ==

I ventured onto the gnu.org website wanting to read what their licenses actually were. In the process I decided that I should figure out what GNU actually is. Aside from discovering that the FSF seems to be just a source of income for GNU, I was quite disturbed.

I want to make very clear that I went into this with no bias in one way or the other. It is only after all my research that I developed a very strong opinion. I also want to say that a majority of my research was done by reading pro-GNU information. I also asked about this in the #gnu channel on Freenode. Below I'm giving my opinion on two specific documents that bothered me in particular. Their text is cited verbatim as well as links to the original.

# Documents are below the conclusion.

== Begin Conclusion ==

Instead of placing my conclusion at the very bottom it's going here.

If you don't want to read the whole thing, it boils down to GNU feeling they thought of it first so their the originators of the Linux project and all work belongs to them. However, I encourage you to actually read it for yourself. Just follow the links, you don't need my opinions for this.

After everything below I have no doubt that what we call "Linux" should be "Linux" and NOT "GNU/Linux." I'm actually very certain that GNU doesn't belong in the name of any operating system at this point. If they can ever finish their own OS, then perhaps they can call that system "GNU." Until then, they should realize their failures as developers and as free software idealists. They should realize that they can make a "GNU Linux" system that is stripped of anything they don't like and realize that this is what theire "GNU system" is.

They claim we can't exist without them but that's wrong. Linux distributions exist without any GNU software in them. They really need to remove themselves from their communist beliefs and take a jump into the real world.

00:00 GNU: No! I use "Linux" and I will never use "GNU/Linux." FOSS belongs to everyone. Stop trying to claim the work of so many others as your own.

== Begin Doc 1 ==

Linux and the GNU Project

Many computer users run a modified version of the GNU system every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU which is widely used today is often called "Linux", and many of its users are not aware that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the GNU Project.

Linux is a kernel. It's not GNU. You explain this later down but maybe you should start with clarity.

There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just a part of the system they use. Linux is the kernel: the program in the system that allocates the machine's resources to the other programs that you run. The kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself; it can only function in the context of a complete operating system. Linux is normally used in combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux. All the so-called "Linux" distributions are really distributions of GNU/Linux.

Many users do not understand the difference between the kernel, which is Linux, and the whole system, which they also call "Linux". The ambiguous use of the name doesn't help people understand. These users often think that Linus Torvalds developed the whole operating system in 1991, with a bit of help.

Since when is a set of programs an operating system? Unless you have some magic system that runs without a kernel your "GNU operating system" is useless by itself as well. Besides, a Linux based operating system can run just fine without GNU programs.

Nobody thinks Linus developed all of the Linux based OS. Heck, most people know that he didn't even write the entire Linux kernel himself. The Linux kernel is a massive project with many very intelligent programmers working on it.

Programmers generally know that Linux is a kernel. But since they have generally heard the whole system called "Linux" as well, they often envisage a history that would justify naming the whole system after the kernel. For example, many believe that once Linus Torvalds finished writing Linux, the kernel, its users looked around for other free software to go with it, and found that (for no particular reason) most everything necessary to make a Unix-like system was already available.

What they found was no accident-it was the not-quite-complete GNU system. The available free software added up to a complete system because the GNU Project had been working since 1984 to make one. In the The GNU Manifesto we set forth the goal of developing a free Unix-like system, called GNU. The Initial Announcement of the GNU Project also outlines some of the original plans for the GNU system. By the time Linux was started, GNU was almost finished.

Most free software projects have the goal of developing a particular program for a particular job. For example, Linus Torvalds set out to write a Unix-like kernel (Linux); Donald Knuth set out to write a text formatter (TeX); Bob Scheifler set out to develop a window system (the X Window System). It's natural to measure the contribution of this kind of project by specific programs that came from the project.

Let's see here... You started in 1984, he started in 1991. I don't know when he finished but I sure as heck hope that you're nearly complete after 7 years. However, you're still not near being completed. I don't know what you mean about measuring contributions by specific programs. The specific programs are generally not very useful. I measure contributions based on the community, not a single entity.

Most of this paragraph is pretty generic text though.

If we tried to measure the GNU Project's contribution in this way, what would we conclude? One CD-ROM vendor found that in their "Linux distribution", GNU software was the largest single contingent, around 28% of the total source code, and this included some of the essential major components without which there could be no system. Linux itself was about 3%. (The proportions in 2008 are similar: in the "main" repository of gNewSense, Linux is 1.5% and GNU packages are 15%.) So if you were going to pick a name for the system based on who wrote the programs in the system, the most appropriate single choice would be "GNU".

You lack any source for this "28%." That doesn't matter because the point is pretty irrelevant. Considering that you neglect a date, this point is further irrelevant. If you really want to use % as a measure of contribution and you can only contribute 15% GNU code to your "pure" gNewSense system, that's pretty sad. You're saying that you only contributed 15% to your own project and that's without even using your own kernel.

But that is not the deepest way to consider the question. The GNU Project was not, is not, a project to develop specific software packages. It was not a project to develop a C compiler, although we did that. It was not a project to develop a text editor, although we developed one. The GNU Project set out to develop a complete free Unix-like system: GNU.

Well, you have yet to produce this complete system. So to this point all you have contributed to the FOSS community IS in fact just a set of software packages. Don't get me wrong, these are great pieces of software, but the point still stands.

Many people have made major contributions to the free software in the system, and they all deserve credit for their software. But the reason it is an integrated system-and not just a collection of useful programs-is because the GNU Project set out to make it one. We made a list of the programs needed to make a complete free system, and we systematically found, wrote, or found people to write everything on the list. We wrote essential but unexciting (1) components because you can't have a system without them. Some of our system components, the programming tools, became popular on their own among programmers, but we wrote many components that are not tools (2). We even developed a chess game, GNU Chess, because a complete system needs games too.

By the early 90s we had put together the whole system aside from the kernel. We had also started a kernel, the GNU Hurd, which runs on top of Mach. Developing this kernel has been a lot harder than we expected; the GNU Hurd started working reliably in 2001, but it is a long way from being ready for people to use in general.

I don't think the GNU project is the sole reason everything became an integrated system. Your work sure helped immensely, but you aren't the glue that sticks everything together. We have an integrated system because countless developers and other contributers got together to build a complete system. You wrote "essential but unexciting" software applications and the world appreciates it. You have yet to develop your own kernel and rely on Linux.

Fortunately, we didn't have to wait for the Hurd, because of Linux. Once Torvalds wrote Linux, it fit into the last major gap in the GNU system. People could then combine Linux with the GNU system to make a complete free system: a Linux-based version of the GNU system; the GNU/Linux system, for short.

Perhaps it's the other way around. Perhaps Linux was developed knowing GNU was working on other software. Perhaps they kept compatibility in mind. It seems more that Linux was built in a way that would allow GNU to "fit into" the Linux based OS. This little argument goes both ways and is ineffective either way.

Making them work well together was not a trivial job. Some GNU components(3) needed substantial change to work with Linux. Integrating a complete system as a distribution that would work "out of the box" was a big job, too. It required addressing the issue of how to install and boot the system-a problem we had not tackled, because we hadn't yet reached that point. Thus, the people who developed the various system distributions did a lot of essential work. But it was work that, in the nature of things, was surely going to be done by someone.

Hm.. So they didn't "just fit?" The fact that you're the one that needed to recode your software makes me think the above argument leans more toward the "Linux OS" side instead of the "GNU OS" side.

The GNU Project supports GNU/Linux systems as well as the GNU system. The FSF funded the rewriting of the Linux-related extensions to the GNU C library, so that now they are well integrated, and the newest GNU/Linux systems use the current library release with no changes. The FSF also funded an early stage of the development of Debian GNU/Linux.

Stop referring to Linux as the "GNU/Linux system" and yours as the "GNU system." GNU is a set of software packages and Linux is a kernel. Make the distinction already. We get it, your foundation funded your work to make your software applications usable on the Linux based OS.

Today there are many different variants of the GNU/Linux system (often called "distros"). Most of them include non-free software-their developers follow the philosophy associated with Linux rather than that of GNU. But there are also completely free GNU/Linux distros. The FSF supports computer facilities for two of these distributions, Ututo and gNewSense.

This doesn't make much sense.

Making a free GNU/Linux distribution is not just a matter of eliminating various non-free programs. Nowadays, the usual version of Linux contains non-free programs too. These programs are intended to be loaded into I/O devices when the system starts, and they are included, as long series of numbers, in the "source code" of Linux. Thus, maintaining free GNU/Linux distributions now entails maintaining a free version of Linux too.

So you took Linux and ripped out the parts you didn't like. That seems kind of pointless. Maybe you should put that time into developing your own elitist kernel instead of worrying about whether Linux follows your idealist beliefs.S

Whether you use GNU/Linux or not, please don't confuse the public by using the name "Linux" ambiguously. Linux is the kernel, one of the essential major components of the system. The system as a whole is basically the GNU system, with Linux added. When you're talking about this combination, please call it "GNU/Linux".

The whole system is more correctly the "Linux system" than it is the "GNU system." The system I use isn't "basically the GNU system." What I use is "the Linux based system." If you ever actually finish your kernel and remove ALL software that isn't directly from GNU we can then, and only then call your system "the GNU system."

If you want to make a link on "GNU/Linux" for further reference, this page and http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html are good choices. If you mention Linux, the kernel, and want to add a link for further reference, http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux is a good URL to use.

I'm not too interested in this segment.

Addendum: Aside from GNU, one other project has independently produced a free Unix-like operating system. This system is known as BSD, and it was developed at UC Berkeley. It was non-free in the 80s, but became free in the early 90s. A free operating system that exists today(4) is almost certainly either a variant of the GNU system, or a kind of BSD system.

People sometimes ask whether BSD too is a version of GNU, like GNU/Linux. The BSD developers were inspired to make their code free software by the example of the GNU Project, and explicit appeals from GNU activists helped persuade them, but the code had little overlap with GNU. BSD systems today use some GNU programs, just as the GNU system and its variants use some BSD programs; however, taken as wholes, they are two different systems that evolved separately. The BSD developers did not write a kernel and add it to the GNU system, and a name like GNU/BSD would not fit the situation.(5)

"the code had little overlap with GNU" Let's be honest. not much code you produced is even used in the Linux system. Not even your own "GNU system" uses much GNU software.

"The BSD developers did not write a kernel and add it to the GNU system" The Linux developers didn't do this either. You modified your code to work with Linux, not the other way around. You specifically stated this above.

== Begin Doc 2 ==

On to their "FAQ." This is a LONG one full of crap.

GNU/Linux FAQ by Richard Stallman

Why do you call it GNU/Linux and not Linux?

Most operating system distributions based on Linux as kernel are basically modified versions of the GNU operating system. We began developing GNU in 1984, years before Linus Torvalds started to write his kernel. Our goal was to develop a complete free operating system. Of course, we did not develop all the parts ourselves-but we led the way. We developed most of the central components, forming the largest single contribution to the whole system. The basic vision was ours too.

In fairness, we ought to get at least equal mention.

See Linux and the GNU Project and GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU for more explanation, and The GNU Project for the history.

See the document I ranted about above this...

Why is the name important?

Although the developers of Linux, the kernel, are contributing to the free software community, many of them do not care about freedom. People who think the whole system is Linux tend to get confused and assign to those developers a role in the history of our community which they did not actually play. Then they give inordinate weight to those developers' views.

Calling the system GNU/Linux recognizes the role that our idealism played in building our community, and helps the public recognize the practical importance of these ideals.

It seems you care about is the system being referred to as GNU for the sole purpose of making your views have as much weight as possible. In reality, the FOSS community has no real single view. The only views that dictate what happens are the views of those that direct projects. If Linus has a view of a fully free kernel, the mainline kernel would do this. If I want Ubuntu-Drupal to pursue a project that's within my view, it'll happen. There's no single entity that controls the whole view of FOSS.

How did it come about that most people call the system "Linux"?

Calling the system "Linux" is a confusion that has spread faster than the corrective information.

The people who combined Linux with the GNU system were not aware that that's what their activity amounted to. They focused their attention on the piece that was Linux and did not realize that more of the combination was GNU. They started calling it "Linux" even though that name did not fit what they had. It took a few years for us to realize what a problem this was and ask people to correct the practice. By that time, the confusion had a big head start.

Most of the people who call the system "Linux" have never heard why that's not the right thing. They saw others using that name and assume it must be right. The name "Linux" also spreads a false picture of the system's origin, because people tend to suppose that the system's history was such as to fit that name. For instance, they often believe its development was started by Linus Torvalds in 1991. This false picture tends to reinforce the idea that the system should be called "Linux".

Many of the questions in this file represent people's attempts to justify the name they are accustomed to using.

Linus very clearly stated when Linux started what his intentions were. In fact, when he started nearing it's first public release he said that he didn't expect it to ever be as big as anything like GNU. He (not you) ported gcc and bash to work with it. Why? He did this because you created some FOSS applications that he could use to make Linux do something useful. So from that standpoint Linux is the starting point and by your statement should be called Linux.

Should we always say "GNU/Linux" instead of "Linux"?

Not always-only when you're talking about the whole system. When you're referring specifically to the kernel, you should call it "Linux", the name its developer chose.

When people call the whole system "Linux", as a consequence they call the whole system by the same name as the kernel. This causes many kinds of confusion, because only experts can tell whether a statement is about the kernel or the whole system. By calling the whole system "GNU/Linux", and calling the kernel "Linux", you avoid the ambiguity.

BSD uses the BSD kernel and is called BSD. Linux uses the Linux kernel and is called Linux. GNU uses the Linux kernel and is called GNU/Linux. My system uses the Linux kernel and I call it Linux. If you ever finish the GNU kernel perhaps you could make a system and call it GNU and leave Linux users alone.

Would Linux have achieved the same success if there had been no GNU?

In that alternative world, there would be nothing today like the GNU/Linux system, and probably no free operating system at all. No one attempted to develop a free operating system in the 1980s except the GNU Project and (later) Berkeley CSRG, which had been specifically asked by the GNU Project to start freeing its code.

Linus Torvalds was partly influenced by a speech about GNU in Finland in 1990. It's possible that even without this influence he might have written a Unix-like kernel, but it probably would not have been free software. Linux became free in 1992 when Linus rereleased it under the GNU GPL. (See the release notes for version 0.12.)

Even if Torvalds had released Linux under some other free software license, a free kernel alone would not have made much difference to the world. The significance of Linux came from fitting into a larger framework, a complete free operating system: GNU/Linux.

As previously mentioned; the kernel wasn't fitted into anything. Other things were fitted into it. The statement above is pretty accurate for information. However, there is also alot of speculation. There is no evidence that Linus was influenced by GNU altough this is highly possible. There is also no evidence that suggests Linux would not have been able to take off without GNU. In all honesty, I feel that the lack of GNU would only have made Linux not take off as fast as it did. It would most likely just have come out with the growth of Windows instead.

Wouldn't it be better for the community if you did not divide people with this request?

When we ask people to say "GNU/Linux", we are not dividing people. We are asking them to give the GNU Project credit for the GNU operating system. This does not criticize anyone or push anyone away.

However, there are people who do not like our saying this. Sometimes those people push us away in response. On occasion they are so rude that one wonders if they are intentionally trying to intimidate us into silence. It doesn't silence us, but it does tend to divide the community, so we hope you can convince them to stop.

However, this is only a secondary cause of division in our community. The largest division in the community is between people who appreciate free software as a social and ethical issue and consider proprietary software a social problem (supporters of the free software movement), and those who cite only practical benefits and present free software only as an efficient development model (the open source movement).

This disagreement is not just a matter of names-it is a matter of differing basic values. It is essential for the community to see and think about this disagreement. The names "free software" and "open source" are the banners of the two positions. See Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software.

The disagreement over values partially aligns with the amount of attention people pay to the GNU Project's role in our community. People who value freedom are more likely to call the system "GNU/Linux", and people who learn that the system is "GNU/Linux" are more likely to pay attention to our philosophical arguments for freedom and community (which is why the choice of name for the system makes a real difference for society). However, the disagreement would probably exist even if everyone knew the system's real origin and its proper name, because the issue is a real one. It can only go away if we who value freedom either persuade everyone (which won't be easy) or are defeated entirely (let's hope not).

The hell you're not dividing people! Go out on IRC for just a short while. Go into #gnu onf Freenode and try to discuss this; prepare to be flamed heavily. This is the worst offendor as discussion in other channels can be somewhat open. However, there is a very clear line between who is on what side. The biggest division in the community is not "supporters of the free software movement" vs. "the open source movement." In fact, these two groups are commonly just grouped into the "FOSS community." Those that call their systems Linux tend to not even see this line you refer to; when they do they tend to ignore it completely. They do however still see the very clear line between (GNU, GNU/Linux) vs. (Linux).

You're acting as if the whole world is out against you. In my view, it seems you're really just out against the world. Maybe you should start fighting the world and listen to it. There's obviously something you're doin wrong. You go so far as to blame any divisions in the community on those who don't share your view.

Doesn't the GNU project support an individual's free speech rights to call the system by any name that individual chooses?

Yes, indeed, we believe you have a free speech right to call the operating system by any name you wish. We ask that people call it GNU/Linux as a matter of doing justice to the GNU project, to promote the values of freedom that GNU stands for, and to inform others that those values of freedom brought the system into existence.

It isn't you that brought the system into existance. If you stop trying to attribute the existance of an entire system to your own doing perhaps you could take a step back and see where your real contributions lie.

Since everyone knows GNU's role in developing the system, doesn't the "GNU/" in the name go without saying?

Experience shows that the system's users, and the computer-using public in general, often know nothing about the GNU system. Most articles about the system do not mention the name "GNU", or the ideals that GNU stands for. GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU explains further.

The people who say this are probably geeks thinking of the geeks they know. Geeks often do know about GNU, but many have a completely wrong idea of what GNU is. For instance, many think it is a collection of "tools", or a project to develop tools.

The wording of this question, which is typical, illustrates another common misconception. To speak of "GNU's role" in developing something assumes that GNU is a group of people. GNU is an operating system. It would make sense to talk about the GNU Project's role in this or some other activity, but not that of GNU.

GNU IS NOT an operating system. You spend too much time putting effort into making sure everyone shares your own beliefs and not enough time finishing it. Finish it, remove any other non-GNU software, and shut up about it already.

Since I know the role of GNU in this system, why does it matter what name I use?

If your words don't reflect your knowledge, you don't teach others. Most people who have heard of the GNU/Linux system think it is "Linux", that it was started by Linus Torvalds, and that it was intended to be "open source". If you don't tell them, who will?

Linux was started by Linus Torvalds. It was aintended to be and still is open source. If I want to patch it then I do it. If I want to review the code then I do it. There are times where closed source code is included in the Linux kernel and this is because they want Linux to be usable by anyone. Perhaps this is a view you should adopt as well.

Isn't shortening "GNU/Linux" to "Linux" just like shortening "Microsoft Windows" to "Windows"?

It's useful to shorten a frequently-used name, but not if the abbreviation is misleading.

Most everyone in developed countries really does know that the "Windows" system is made by Microsoft, so shortening "Microsoft Windows" to "Windows" does not mislead anyone as to that system's nature and origin. Shortening "GNU/Linux" to "Linux" does give the wrong idea of where the system comes from.

The question is itself misleading because GNU and Microsoft are not the same kind of thing. Microsoft is a company; GNU is an operating system.

I agree here, shortening "GNU/Linux" to "GNU" is not correct. "GNU" doesn't belong there in the first place so there is no shortening that should take place. "Microsoft" is the company that owns Windows. That is the reason shortening to "Windows" is acceptable. What is to stop us from thinking your goal is to take the appearance of owning the Linux based operating system? It sure seems that's what your goal is.

Isn't GNU a collection of programming tools that were included in Linux?

People who think that Linux is an entire operating system, if they hear about GNU at all, often get a wrong idea of what GNU is. They may think that GNU is the name of a collection of programs-often they say "programming tools", since some of our programming tools became popular on their own. The idea that "GNU" is the name of an operating system is hard to fit into a conceptual framework in which that operating system is labeled "Linux".

The GNU Project was named after the GNU operating system-it's the project to develop the GNU system. (See the 1983 initial announcement.)

We developed programs such as GCC, GNU Emacs, GAS, GLIBC, BASH, etc., because we needed them for the GNU operating system. GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection is the compiler that we wrote for the GNU operating system. We, the many people working on the GNU Project, developed Ghostscript, GNUCash, GNU Chess and GNOME for the GNU system too.

Now now, that's not how I feel. GNU isn't just a set of prgramming tools. You developed other things as well. Emacs is really just an abomination to editors. You guys made bash, and some other very useful tools and the world appreciates that. On the other hand, we don't appreciate your little pitty party.

What is the difference between an operating system and a kernel?

An operating system, as we use the term, means a collection of programs that are sufficient to use the computer to do a wide variety of jobs. A general purpose operating system, to be complete, ought to handle all the jobs that many users may want to do.

The kernel is one of the programs in an operating system-the program that allocates the machine's resources to the other programs that are running. The kernel also takes care of starting and stopping other programs.

To confuse matters, some people use the term "operating system" to mean "kernel". Both uses of the term go back many years. The use of "operating system" to mean "kernel" is found in a number of textbooks on system design, going back to the 80s. At the same time, in the 80s, the "Unix operating system" was understood to include all the system programs, and Berkeley's version of Unix included even games. Since we intended GNU to be a Unix-like operating system, we use the term "operating system" in the same way.

Most of the time when people speak of the "Linux operating system" they are using "operating system" in the same sense we use: they mean the whole collection of programs. If that's what you are referring to, please call it "GNU/Linux". If you mean just the kernel, then "Linux" is the right name for it, but please say "kernel" also to avoid ambiguity about which body of software you mean.

If you prefer to use some other term such as "system distribution" for the entire collection of programs, instead of "operating system", that's fine. Then you would talk about GNU/Linux system distributions.

I went through and easily ripped all GNU apps out from various operating system. So, what should I call it now? I can't call it "GNU/Linux" because GNU isn't part of the system at all. I also can't call it "Linux" by your whole rant. What can I call it then? The fact of the matter is that either way Linux is still the core and the system should be called "Linux" either way.

The kernel of a system is like the foundation of a house. How can a house be almost complete when it doesn't have a foundation?

A kernel is not much like the foundation of a house because building an operating system is not much like building a house.

A house is built from lots of little general parts that are cut and put together in situ. They have to be put together from the bottom up. Thus, when the foundation has not been built, no substantial part has been built; all you have is a hole in the ground.

By contrast, an operating system consists of complex components that can be developed in any order. When you have developed most of the components, most of the work is done. This is much more like the International Space Station than like a house. If most of the Space Station modules were in orbit but awaiting one other essential module, that would be like the GNU system in 1992.

You mean it would be useless? I'm wondering why you seem to think the GNU software applications are the cornerstone of the operating system. A Linux system can easily exist without GNU. However, the same can't be said about the other way around. The "GNU system" does not exist without GNU. GNU advocates are very clear that they feel their system is complete even though they can not function without the Linux kernel or the efforts of countless other developers.

Isn't the kernel the brain of the system?

A computer system is not much like a human body, and no part of it plays a role comparable to that of the brain in a human.

The kernel isn't the brain. It's a very vital part that without no operating system will function. Without GNU the system would still function and the gaps that were filled by GNU would be filled again.

Isn't writing the kernel most of the work in an operating system?

No, many components take a lot of work.

What does this have to do with anything you're talking about?

We're calling the whole system after the kernel, Linux. Isn't it normal to name an operating system after a kernel?

That practice seems to be very rare-we can't find any examples other than the misuse of the name "Linux". Normally an operating system is developed as a single unified project, and the developers choose a name for the system as a whole. The kernel usually does not have a name of its own-instead, people say "the kernel of such-and-such" or "the such-and-such kernel".

Because those two constructions are used synonymously, the expression "the Linux kernel" can easily be misunderstood as meaning "the kernel of Linux" and implying that Linux must be more than a kernel. You can avoid the possibility of this misunderstanding by saying or writing "the kernel, Linux" or "Linux, the kernel."

What about BSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, *BSD. These were all named for their kernels. Microsof Windows uses two names for its kernel and one of those is the "Windows kernel." You're basically saying you want us to say "The kernel of Ubuntu," and ignore Linux where Linux is the kernel underneath. Just like the Linux kernel is what sits underneath your own system.

The problem with "GNU/Linux" is that it is too long. How about recommending a shorter name?

For a while we tried the name "LiGNUx", which combines the words "GNU" and "Linux". The reaction was very bad. People accept "GNU/Linux" much better.

The shortest legitimate name for this system is "GNU", but we call it "GNU/Linux" for the reasons given below.

I found something online that describes this best...

Dr. G.W. Wettstein wrote:

> On Mar 7, 11:52am, Bill Powers wrote:

> > What we need is a short, catchy, name that encompasses all of the above...

> >

> > LIGNUX !

>

> Catchy idea actually.

>

> The question to ask is do we want to go through the debacle of

> describing it's pronunciation.....

Short i, silent g, long u. Just like Linus pronounces it now.

Since Linux is a secondary contribution, would it be false to the facts to call the system simply "GNU"?

It would not be false to the facts, but it is not the best thing to do. Here are the reasons we call that system version "GNU/Linux" rather than just "GNU":

It's not exactly GNU-it has a different kernel (that is, Linux). Distinguishing GNU/Linux from GNU is useful.

It would be ungentlemanly to ask people to stop giving any credit to Linus Torvalds. He did write an important component of the system. We want to get credit for launching and sustaining the system's development, but this doesn't mean we should treat Linus the same way those who call the system "Linux" treat us. We strongly disagree with his political views, but we deal with that disagreement honorably and openly, rather than by trying to cut him out of the credit for his contribution to the system.

Since many people know of the system as "Linux", if we say "GNU" they may simply not recognize we're talking about the same system. If we say "GNU/Linux", they can make a connection to what they have heard about.

So now Linux is just a secondary contribution to your own work? You launched and maintain everything? I'm going to go with "No" on those.

I would have to pay a fee if I use "Linux" in the name of a product, and that would also apply if I say "GNU/Linux". Is it wrong if I use "GNU" without "Linux", to save the fee?

There's nothing wrong in calling the system "GNU"; basically, that's what it is. It is nice to give Linus Torvalds a share of the credit as well, but you have no obligation to pay for the privilege of doing so.

So if you want to refer to the system simply as "GNU", to avoid paying the fee for calling it "Linux", we won't criticize you.

Since when is there a fee to put the word "Linux" on a system that's running Linux? Last I checked Linux allows this pretty freely.

Many other projects contributed to the system as it is today; it includes TeX, X11, Apache, Perl, and many more programs. Don't your arguments imply we have to give them credit too? (But that would lead to a name so long it is absurd.)

What we say is that you ought to give the system's principal developer a share of the credit. The principal developer is the GNU Project, and the system is basically GNU.

If you feel even more strongly about giving credit where it is due, you might feel that some secondary contributors also deserve credit in the system's name. If so, far be it from us to argue against it. If you feel that X11 deserves credit in the system's name, and you want to call the system GNU/X11/Linux, please do. If you feel that Perl simply cries out for mention, and you want to write GNU/Linux/Perl, go ahead.

Since a long name such as GNU/X11/Apache/Linux/TeX/Perl/Python/FreeCiv becomes absurd, at some point you will have to set a threshold and omit the names of the many other secondary contributions. There is no one obvious right place to set the threshold, so wherever you set it, we won't argue against it.

Different threshold levels would lead to different choices of name for the system. But one name that cannot result from concerns of fairness and giving credit, not for any possible threshold level, is "Linux". It can't be fair to give all the credit to one secondary contribution (Linux) while omitting the principal contribution (GNU).

I drew a line and it stands as my threshold. I happened to fraw that line at "Linux." Nothing more, nothing less. I honestly don't care where the credit is due. The system runs on Linux and that's what it should be called. I have no interest in giving credit to individual contributors. I give that credit instead to the FOSS community which is where it belongs.

Many other projects contributed to the system as it is today, but they don't insist on calling it XYZ/Linux. Why should we treat GNU specially?

Thousands of projects have developed programs commonly included in today's GNU/Linux systems. They all deserve credit for their contributions, but they aren't the principal developers of the system as a whole, so they don't ask to be credited as such.

GNU is different because it is more than just a contributed program, more than just a collection of contributed programs. GNU is the framework on which the system was made.

GNU isn't a framework. It is a set of applications. These applications were then ported to be able to run on Linux which was not even the original doing of GNU. Linus himself made the first ports. I don't believe you gave him any credit for that at all.

GNU is a small fraction of the system nowadays, so why should we mention it?

In 2008, we found that GNU packages made up 15% of the "main" repository of the gNewSense GNU/Linux distribution. Linux made up 1.5%. So the same argument would apply even more strongly to calling it "Linux".

GNU is a small fraction of the system nowadays, and Linux is an even smaller fraction. But they are the system's core; the system was made by combining them. Thus, the name "GNU/Linux" remains appropriate.

This doesn't mean anything. A count of GNU apps in the GNU Main repository doesn't mean anything to us in Linux land. For all we care you could limit your "main" repository to GNU software only and make that 15% into 100%. We still don't care. That's not how we in FOSS land measure contributions. You should check it out sometime. It's really nice when you realize the difference. Besides, you already mentioned you've been stripping down the kernel. How are we supposed to interpret that with this?

Many companies contributed to the system as it is today; doesn't that mean we ought to call it GNU/Redhat/Novell/Linux?

GNU is not comparable to Red Hat or Novell; it is not a company, or an organization, or even an activity. GNU is an operating system. (When we speak of the GNU Project, that refers to the project to develop the GNU system.) The GNU/Linux system is based on GNU, and that's why GNU ought to appear in its name.

Much of those companies' contribution to the GNU/Linux system lies in the code they have contributed to various GNU packages including GCC and GNOME. Saying GNU/Linux gives credit to those companies along with all the rest of the GNU developers.

By you're definition above, GNU is not an operating system. Then we're back to beating that old dead horse. I think I've repeated myself with the GNU repitions enough that you know where I stand. GNU is not an operating system and unless you actually take your effort away from whining it never will be.

Why do you write "GNU/Linux" instead of "GNU Linux"?

Following the rules of English, in the construction "GNU Linux" the word "GNU" modifies "Linux". This can mean either "GNU's version of Linux" or "Linux, which is a GNU package." Neither of those meanings fits the situation at hand.

Linux is not a GNU package; that is, it wasn't developed under the GNU Project's aegis or contributed specifically to the GNU Project. Linus Torvalds wrote Linux independently, as his own project. So the "Linux, which is a GNU package" meaning is not right.

We're not talking about a distinct GNU version of Linux, the kernel. The free GNU/Linux distros do have a separate version of Linux, since the "standard" version contains non-free firmware "blobs". If this were part of the GNU Project, it could be considered "GNU Linux"; but we would not want to call it that, because it would be too confusing.

We're talking about a version of GNU, the operating system, distinguished by having Linux as the kernel. A slash fits the situation because it means "combination." (Think of "Input/Output".) This system is the combination of GNU and Linux; hence, "GNU/Linux".

There are other ways to express "combination". If you think that a plus-sign is clearer, please use that. In French, a hyphen is clear: "GNU-Linux". In Spanish, we sometimes say "GNU con Linux".

Actually this is quite funny. How about you refer to your system as "GNU Linux" because your applications are modifying what we did. We'll continue with "Linux" as all of FOSS modifies it. I guess you could call us the "FOSS/Linux" if you really really want. Just "Linux" still makes more sense.

Why "GNU/Linux" rather than "Linux/GNU"?

It is right and proper to mention the principal contribution first. The GNU contribution to the system is not only bigger than Linux and prior to Linux, we actually started the whole activity.

However, if you prefer to call the system "Linux/GNU", that is a lot better than what people usually do, which is to omit GNU entirely and make it seem that the whole system is Linux.

Considering Linus started Linux and GNU applications need to be ported to Linux. I'll still consider GNU the secondary contributor. So Linux should come first. Not only that, but I still lack any reason to believe GNU belongs in the name.

My distro is called "Foobar Linux"; doesn't that show it's really Linux?

It means that the people who make the "Foobar Linux" distro are repeating the common mistake.

My distro's official name is "Foobar Linux"; isn't it wrong to call the distro anything but "Linux"?

If it's allowed for them to change "GNU" to "Foobar Linux", it's allowed for you to change it back and call the distro "Foobar GNU/Linux". It can't be more wrong to correct the mistake than it was to make the mistake.

If you had any real say in the matter, you wouldn't allow "GNU" to be referred to as anything with the word Linux in it. The distribution maker decided to name it what they felt like because Linux allows this to be done.

Wouldn't it be more effective to ask companies such as Mandrake, Red Hat and IBM to call their distributions "GNU/Linux" rather than asking individuals?

It isn't a choice of one or the other-we ask companies and organizations and individuals to help spread the word about this. In fact, we have asked all three of those companies. Mandrake said it would use the term "GNU/Linux" some of the time, but IBM and Red Hat were unwilling to help. One executive said, "This is a pure commercial decision; we expect to make more money calling it ‘Linux’." In other words, that company did not care what was right.

We can't make them do this right, but we're not the sort to give up just because the road isn't easy. You may not have as much influence at your disposal as IBM or Red Hat, but you can still help.

So you couldn't convince the big guys to make the little guys listen so now you want to convince the little guys to force the big guys listen. Kind of interesting. To be honest IBM has provided a much more substantial contribution to FOSS than GNU. If we need to decide between IBM or GNU to pick the name we use, I'll pick IBM.

Together we can change the situation to the point where companies will make more profit calling it "GNU/Linux".

Wouldn't it be better to reserve the name "GNU/Linux" for distributions that are purely free software? After all, that is the ideal of GNU.

The widespread practice of adding non-free software to the GNU/Linux system is a major problem for our community. It teaches the users that non-free software is ok, and that using it is part of the spirit of "Linux". Many "Linux" User Groups make it part of their mission to help users use non-free add-ons, and may even invite salesmen to come and make sales pitches for them. They adopt goals such as "helping the users" of GNU/Linux (including helping them use non-free applications and drivers), or making the system more popular even at the cost of freedom.

The question is how to try to change this.

Given that most of the community which uses GNU with Linux already does not realize that's what it is, for us to disown these adulterated versions, saying they are not really GNU, would not teach the users to value freedom more. They would not get the intended message. They would only respond they never thought these systems were GNU in the first place.

The way to lead these users to see a connection with freedom is exactly the opposite: to inform them that all these system versions are versions of GNU, that they all are based on a system that exists specifically for the sake of the users' freedom. With this understanding, they can start to recognize the distributions that include non-free software as perverted, adulterated versions of GNU, instead of thinking they are proper and appropriate "versions of Linux".

It is very useful to start GNU/Linux User Groups, which call the system GNU/Linux and adopt the ideals of the GNU Project as a basis for their activities. If the Linux User Group in your area has the problems describe above, we suggest you either campaign within the group to change its orientation (and name) or start a new group. The people who focus on the more superficial goals have a right to their views, but don't let them drag you along!

That's actually a good idea. Save "GNU/Linux" for something that fits into your elite view. That would be what? "gNewSense GNU/Linux"

You mention not letting people focusing on superficial goals drag us along. Very well then, we won't let you drag us along. As a matter of fact I should probably listen and stop reading right now. I won't, I'm going to see what other crap you have to say.

Why not make a GNU distribution of Linux (sic) and call that GNU/Linux?

All the "Linux" distributions are actually versions of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel. The purpose of the term "GNU/Linux" is to communicate this point. To develop one new distribution and call that alone "GNU/Linux" would obscure the point we want to make.

As for developing a distribution of GNU/Linux, we already did this once, when we funded the early development of Debian GNU/Linux. To do it again now does not seem useful; it would be a lot of work, and unless the new distribution had substantial practical advantages over other distributions, it would serve no purpose.

Instead we help the developers of 100% free GNU/Linux distributions, such as gNewSense and Ututo.

Back to that beaten dead and rotting horse. You have yet to make a GNU operating system.

Why not just say "Linux is the GNU kernel" and release some existing version of GNU/Linux under the name "GNU"?

It might have been a good idea to adopt Linux as the GNU kernel back in 1992. If we had realized, then, how long it would take to get the GNU Hurd to work, we might have done that. (Alas, that is hindsight.)

If we were to take an existing version of GNU/Linux and relabel it as "GNU", that would be somewhat like making a version of the GNU system and labeling it "Linux". That wasn't right, and we don't want to act like that.

You have yet to make Hurd a widely released product. You're perhaps not capable? Linus built the first kernel himself. He clearly stated what it was capable of and that he didn't expect it to go furhter. His code was then in a position to be lifted up by a community that made it what it is today. Why is it that you can't get your kernel working? I would assume because you're either too busy whining, you're too busy tearing at Linux to make it fit your needs, or because you're not capable of doing it in the first place.

Did the GNU Project condemn and oppose use of Linux in the early days?

We did not adopt Linux as our kernel, but we didn't condemn or oppose it. In 1993 we started discussing the arrangements to sponsor the development of Debian GNU/Linux. We also sought to cooperate with the people who were changing some GNU packages for use with Linux. We wanted to include their changes in the standard releases so that these GNU packages would work out-of-the-box in combination with Linux. But the changes were often ad-hoc and nonportable; they needed to be cleaned up for installation.

The people who had made the changes showed little interest in cooperating with us. One of them actually told us that he didn't care about working with the GNU Project because he was a "Linux user". That came as a shock, because the people who ported GNU packages to other systems had generally wanted to work with us to get their changes installed. Yet these people, developing a system that was primarily based on GNU, were the first (and still practically the only) group that was unwilling to work with us.

It was this experience that first showed us that people were calling a version of the GNU system "Linux", and that this confusion was obstructing our work. Asking you to call the system "GNU/Linux" is our response to that problem, and to the other problems caused by the "Linux" misnomer.

I don't really believe you. After all your current whining and ranting it's very likely they were entirely turned off by your attitude. I need to hilight this though. "who ported GNU packages to other systems" Right here you are admitting that GNU is being ported to other systems. That system that you're complaining about is the Linux system. Read this... this fact is plainly stated right here.

Why did you wait so long before asking people to use the name GNU/Linux?

Actually we didn't. We began talking privately with developers and distributors about this in 1994, and made a more public campaign in 1996. We will continue for as long as it's necessary.

Dead Horse... Not repeating this yet again...

Should the GNU/name convention be applied to all programs that are GPL'ed?

We never refer to individual programs as "GNU/name". When a program is a GNU package, we may call it "GNU name".

GNU, the operating system, is made up of many different programs. Some of the programs in GNU were written as part of the GNU Project or specifically contributed to it; these are the GNU packages, and we often use "GNU" in their names.

It's up to the developers of a program to decide if they want to contribute it and make it a GNU package. If you have developed a program and you would like it to be a GNU package, please write to , so we can evaluate it and decide whether we want it.

It wouldn't be fair to put the name GNU on every individual program that is released under the GPL. If you write a program and release it under the GPL, that doesn't mean the GNU Project wrote it or that you wrote it for us. For instance, the kernel, Linux, is released under the GNU GPL, but Linus did not write it as part of the GNU Project-he did the work independently. If something is not a GNU package, the GNU Project can't take credit for it, and putting "GNU" in its name would be improper.

In contrast, we do deserve the overall credit for the GNU operating system as a whole, even though not for each and every program in it. The system exists as a system because of our determination and persistence, starting in 1984, many years before Linux was begun.

The operating system in which Linux became popular was basically the same as the GNU operating system. It was not entirely the same, because it had a different kernel, but it was mostly the same system. It was a variant of GNU. It was the GNU/Linux system.

Linux continues to be used primarily in derivatives of that system-in today's versions of the GNU/Linux system. What gives these systems their identity is GNU and Linux at the center of them, not particularly Linux alone.

Since much of GNU comes from Unix, shouldn't GNU give credit to Unix by using "Unix" in its name?

Actually, none of GNU comes from Unix. Unix was proprietary software (and still is), so using any of its code in GNU would have been illegal. This is not a coincidence; this is why we developed GNU: since you could not have freedom in using Unix, or any of the other operating systems of the day, we needed a free system to replace it. We could not copy programs, or even parts of them, from Unix; everything had to be written afresh.

No code in GNU comes from Unix, but GNU is a Unix-compatible system; therefore, many of the ideas and specifications of GNU do come from Unix. The name "GNU", which stands for "GNU's Not Unix", is a humorous way of giving credit to Unix for this, following a hacker tradition of recursive acronyms that started in the 70s.

The first such recursive acronym was TINT, "TINT Is Not TECO". The author of TINT wrote another implementation of TECO (there were already many of them, for various systems), but instead of calling it by a dull name like "somethingorother TECO", he thought of a clever amusing name. (That's what hacking means: playful cleverness.)

Other hackers enjoyed that name so much that we imitated the approach. It became a tradition that, when you were writing from scratch a program that was similar to some existing program (let's imagine its name was "Klever"), you could give it a recursive acronym name, such as "MINK" for "MINK Is Not Klever." In this same spirit we called our replacement for Unix "GNU's Not Unix".

Historically, AT&T which developed Unix did not want anyone to give it credit by using "Unix" in the name of a similar system, not even in a system 99% copied from Unix. AT&T actually threatened to sue anyone giving AT&T credit in that way. This is why each of the various modified versions of Unix (all proprietary, like Unix) had a completely different name that didn't include "Unix".

This entire block has absolutely nothing to do with what you're complaining about. This is only why you don't think it should be "Unix/GNU" instead.

Should we say "GNU/BSD" too?

We don't call the BSD systems (FreeBSD, etc.) "GNU/BSD" systems, because that term does not fit the history of the BSD systems.

The BSD system was developed by UC Berkeley as non-free software in the 80s, and became free in the early 90s. A free operating system that exists today is almost certainly either a variant of the GNU system, or a kind of BSD system.

People sometimes ask whether BSD too is a variant of GNU, as GNU/Linux is. It is not. The BSD developers were inspired to make their code free software by the example of the GNU Project, and explicit appeals from GNU activists helped convince them to start, but the code had little overlap with GNU.

BSD systems today use some GNU packages, just as the GNU system and its variants use some BSD programs; however, taken as wholes, they are two different systems that evolved separately. The BSD developers did not write a kernel and add it to the GNU system, so a name like GNU/BSD would not fit the situation.

The connection between GNU/Linux and GNU is much closer, and that's why the name "GNU/Linux" is appropriate for it.

There is a version of GNU which uses the kernel from NetBSD. Its developers call it "Debian GNU/NetBSD", but "GNU/kernelofNetBSD" would be more accurate, since NetBSD is an entire system, not just the kernel. This is not a BSD system, since most of the system is the same as the GNU/Linux system.

If I install the GNU tools on Windows, does that mean I am running a GNU/Windows system?

Not in the same sense that we mean by "GNU/Linux". The tools of GNU are just a part of the GNU software, which is just a part of the GNU system, and underneath them you would still have another complete operating system which has no code in common with GNU. All in all, that's a very different situation from GNU/Linux.

I'll take this moment to say that I kind of laughed at something that was said earlier.

##freebsd on Freenode

18:42 alrighty, just reading something on the gnu site saying no os is named after it's kernel

18:42 thanks

18:42 BSD are NOT like linux, that is only a kernel and the O.S. is a distribution of that kernel...

18:42 MTecknology: they're nuts, over there

Can't there be Linux systems without GNU?

It is possible to make a system that uses Linux as the kernel but is not based on GNU. I'm told there are small systems, used for embedded development, that include Linux but not the GNU system. IBM was once rumored to be planning to put Linux as the kernel into AIX; whether or not they actually tried to do this, it is theoretically possible. What conclusions can we draw from this about the naming of various systems?

People who think of the kernel as more important than all the rest of the system say, "They all contain Linux, so let's call them all Linux systems." But any two of these systems are mostly different, and calling them by the same name is misleading. (It leads people to think that the kernel is more important than all the rest of the system, for instance.)

In the small embedded systems, Linux may be most of the system; perhaps "Linux systems" is the right name for them. They are very different from GNU/Linux systems, which are more GNU than Linux. The hypothetical IBM system would be different from either of those. The right name for it would be AIX/Linux: basically AIX, but with Linux as the kernel. These different names would show users how these systems are different.

Many Linux systems exist without any GNU software in them. They did this because of they way you pushed them away. You pushed be to trim as many software applications from my Ubuntu system as I could. With no effort I was down to only 8 GNU applications and with a little more digging I pretty easily removed 3 more. So my Ubuntu system has 5 GNU applications on it. I still need to call my system "GNU/Linux" by your standards? NO! The kernel alone on my system weighs much heavier that these. So I need to rebrand my system? No thanks.

Why not call the system "Linux" anyway, and strengthen Linus Torvalds' role as posterboy for our community?

Linus Torvalds is the "posterboy" (other people's choice of word, not ours) for his goals, not ours. His goal is to make the system more popular, and he believes its value to society lies merely in the practical advantages it offers: its power, reliability and easy availability. He has never advocated freedom to cooperate as an ethical principle, which is why the public does not connect the name "Linux" with that principle.

Linus publicly states his disagreement with the free software movement's ideals. He developed non-free software in his job for many years (and said so to a large audience at a "Linux"World show), and publicly invited fellow developers of Linux, the kernel, to use non-free software to work on it with him. He goes even further, and rebukes people who suggest that engineers and scientists should consider social consequences of our technical work-rejecting the lessons society learned from the development of the atom bomb.

There is nothing wrong with writing a free program for the motivations of learning and having fun; the kernel Linus wrote for those reasons was an important contribution to our community. But those motivations are not the reason why the complete free system, GNU/Linux, exists, and they won't secure our freedom in the future. The public needs to know this. Linus has the right to promote his views; however, people should be aware that the operating system in question stems from ideals of freedom, not from his views.

He doesn't voice his disagreements with free software ideals. He voices his disagreement with your ideals. So does a large part of the FOSS community.

On a side note: My company is working on a massive project that will advocate and very quickly spread the usage of some FOSS applications. Our goal is to position ourselves into a place where other FOSS applications fitting into our criteria will want us to integrate their tools into our system. However, it will be a long time after our public release before we consider releasing source code. Does that mean you want to fight us too? We're promoting FOSS but keeping some proprietary code to do so.

That side note is where Linus is taking his views. He's known for a sharp tongue that is very blunt, to the point, and honest. Maybe you should listen to what he's saying instead of twisting his words.

Isn't it wrong for us to label Linus Torvalds' work as GNU?

It would be wrong, so we don't do that. Torvalds' work is Linux, the kernel; we are careful not to attribute that work to the GNU Project or label it as "GNU". When we talk about the whole system, the name "GNU/Linux" gives him a share of the credit.

Nah, you're not giving him enough credit. At least you haven't yet reached the point of saying Linux is the work of GNU.

Does Linus Torvalds agree that Linux is just the kernel?

He recognized this at the beginning. The earliest Linux release notes said, "Most of the tools used with linux are GNU software and are under the GNU copyleft. These tools aren't in the distribution - ask me (or GNU) for more info".

The battle is already lost-society has made its decision and we can't change it, so why even think about it?

This isn't a battle, it is a campaign of education. What to call the system is not a single decision, to be made at one moment by "society": each person, each organization, can decide what name to use. You can't make others say "GNU/Linux", but you can decide to call the system "GNU/Linux" yourself-and by doing so, you will help educate others.

At the beginning Linux was just a kernel. He started porting some of the work of GNU to it.

Society has made its decision and we can't change it, so what good does it do if I say "GNU/Linux"?

This is not an all-or-nothing situation: correct and incorrect pictures are being spread more or less by various people. If you call the system "GNU/Linux", you will help others learn the system's true history, origin, and reason for being. You can't correct the misnomer everywhere on your own, any more than we can, but you can help. If only a few hundred people see you use the term "GNU/Linux", you will have educated a substantial number of people with very little work. And some of them will spread the correction to others.

Wouldn't it be better to call the system "Linux" and teach people its real origin with a ten-minute explanation?

If you help us by explaining to others in that way, we appreciate your effort, but that is not the best method. It is not as effective as calling the system "GNU/Linux", and uses your time inefficiently.

It is ineffective because it may not sink in, and surely will not propagate. Some of the people who hear your explanation will pay attention, and they may learn a correct picture of the system's origin. But they are unlikely to repeat the explanation to others whenever they talk about the system. They will probably just call it "Linux". Without particularly intending to, they will help spread the incorrect picture.

It is inefficient because it takes a lot more time. Saying and writing "GNU/Linux" will take you only a few seconds a day, not minutes, so you can afford to reach far more people that way. Distinguishing between Linux and GNU/Linux when you write and speak is by far the easiest way to help the GNU Project effectively.

This is more of a call to action based on the above FUD.

Some people laugh at you when you ask them to call the system GNU/Linux. Why do you subject yourself to this treatment?

Calling the system "Linux" tends to give people a mistaken picture of the system's history and reason for existence. People who laugh at our request probably have picked up that mistaken picture-they think our work was done by Linus, so they laugh when we ask for credit for it. If they knew the truth, they probably wouldn't laugh.

Why do we take the risk of making a request that sometimes leads people to ridicule us? Because often it has useful results that help the GNU Project. We will run the risk of undeserved abuse to achieve our goals.

If you see such an ironically unfair situation occurring, please don't sit idly by. Please teach the laughing people the real history. When they see why the request is justified, those who have any sense will stop laughing.

The people that laugh are those that read through this FUD and know what you guys are really like.

Some people condemn you when you ask them to call the system GNU/Linux. Don't you lose by alienating them?

Not much. People who don't appreciate our role in developing the system are unlikely to make substantial efforts to help us. If they do work that advances our goals, such as releasing free software, it is probably for other unrelated reasons, not because we asked them. Meanwhile, by teaching others to attribute our work to someone else, they are undermining our ability to recruit the help of others.

It makes no sense to worry about alienating people who are already mostly uncooperative, and it is self-defeating to be deterred from correcting a major problem lest we anger the people who perpetuate it. Therefore, we will continue trying to correct the misnomer.

Whatever you contributed, is it legitimate to rename the operating system?

We are not renaming anything; we have been calling this system "GNU" ever since we announced it in 1983. The people who tried to rename it to "Linux" should not have done so.

Isn't it wrong to force people to call the system "GNU/Linux"?

It would be wrong to force them, and we don't try. We call the system "GNU/Linux", and we ask you to do it too.

Most of the substantial contributions did not even come from GNU. They came from countless numbers of developers and other individuals. Individuals that are part of the FOSS community which you oppose so dearly.

Why not sue people who call the whole system "Linux"?

There are no legal grounds to sue them, but since we believe in freedom of speech, we wouldn't want to do that anyway. We ask people to call the system "GNU/Linux" because that is the right thing to do.

Shouldn't you put something in the GNU GPL to require people to call the system "GNU"?

The purpose of the GNU GPL is to protect the users' freedom from those who would make proprietary versions of free software. While it is true that those who call the system "Linux" often do things that limit the users' freedom, such as bundling non-free software with the GNU/Linux system or even developing non-free software for such use, the mere act of calling the system "Linux" does not, in itself, deny users their freedom. It seems improper to make the GPL restrict what name people can use for the system.

If you had the legal grounds I very much doubt you wouldn't have gove after anyone and everyone by now. Besides, if you added that clause to the GPL it's unlikely many users would continue to use the license which is probably your most substantial contribution to the community.

Since you objected to the original BSD license's advertising requirement to give credit to the University of California, isn't it hypocritical to demand credit for the GNU project?

It would be hypocritical to make the name GNU/Linux a license requirement, and we don't. We only ask you to give us the credit we deserve.

Since you failed to put something in the GNU GPL to require people to call the system "GNU", you deserve what happened; why are you complaining now?

The question presupposes a rather controversial general ethical premise: that if people do not force you to treat them fairly, you are entitled to take advantage of them as much as you like. In other words, it assumes that might makes right.

We hope you disagree with that premise just as we do.

It's also hypocritical to even make this expectation.

Wouldn't you be better off not contradicting what so many people believe?

We don't think we should go along with large numbers of people because they have been misled. We hope you too will decide that truth is important.

We could never have developed a free operating system without first denying the belief, held by most people, that proprietary software was legitimate and acceptable.

Instead of going along with what is right, you'd rather continue to mislead others. An interesting concept. You also couldn't develop a free operating system (by your definition) with first denying the belief you're referring to. You still havent (dead horse) finished your own GNU OS.

Since many people call it "Linux", doesn't that make it right?

We don't think that the popularity of an error makes it the truth.

Many people care about what's convenient or who's winning, not about arguments of right or wrong. Couldn't you get more of their support by a different road?

To care only about what's convenient or who's winning is an amoral approach to life. Non-free software is an example of that amoral approach and thrives on it. So in the long run it is self-defeating for us to bow to that approach. We will continue talking in terms of right and wrong.

We hope that you are one of those for whom right and wrong do matter.

The popularity has nothing to do with calling it "Linux." The reason we use "Linux" is because all the above FUD reassures us that you're on a whining power trip.